![]() ![]() This means, according to our analysis, that war crimes could already have taken place before March 2022’ explains Dr Chiara Redealli. What has changed, since February 2022, is the intensity of the violence and its impact on the civilian population. In September 2021 it participated in Peace Mission 2021 in Donguz, Russia, which involved 4,000 personnel drawn from China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Indeed, according to IHL criteria, there have been an IAC between Russia and Ukraine and two NIACs in Ukraine since 2014. 5.4 million are living as refugees in neighboring countries, leaving 6 million displaced internally. 11.5 million people nearly half of the country’s estimated pre-war population have been displaced. ![]() ‘Russia’s invasion of Ukraine did not change our classification of the armed conflicts in the region. Since early 2011, a civil conflict in Syria has resulted in enormous suffering for millions of people. Europe is also the theatre of an international armed conflict (IAC) between Ukraine and Russia, and of two non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) in Ukraine opposing governmental forces with the self-proclaimed ‘People’s Republics’ of Donetsk and Luhansk in eastern Ukraine. The following military occupations constitute the majority of armed conflicts that are taking place in Europe, four out of seven conflicts: Russia is currently occupying Crimea (Ukraine), Transdniestria (Moldova), as well as South Ossetia and Abkhazia (Georgia), while Armenia is occupying parts of Nagorno Karabakh (Azerbaijan). ![]()
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